PHOSPHINE
This is PH3, also known as Phosphine. Phosphine is a gas and is made up of three hydrogen atoms and one phosphorus atom. The hydrogen atoms share each of their electrons to fill the outer shell of the Phosphorus atom. Also the Hydrogens get to use an electron to fill their shells.
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WHAT HAPPENS WHEN ELEMENTS COMBINE?
When several elements come together it is called a compound. Compounds can be made up of two atoms or hundreds of atoms. There are even compounds that have the same number of atoms but have different shapes. These compounds with different shapes are called isomers.
No matter what atoms are in a compound, they all want to be "happy". A happy atom is one with the right number of electrons in the outer orbital. That desire to be happy is why some elements only combine with a few other elements. Not all elements can make each other "happy".
To learn more what makes an atom happy and how it picks other elements to combine with, just click... ![[Button: To Compound Details]](../../art_global/icon_details.gif)
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ALUMINUM PHOSPHIDE
Aluminum and phosphorus can also bond. Aluminum happens to have three extra electrons. Luckily, every phosphorus atom is looking to gain three electrons. It's a perfect match! Something to notice though, look how they have a bond with six electrons. That bond is known as a triple bond. When a bond has two electrons it is a single bond. When a bond has four electrons it is a double bond. Well take a look at the dots and see what a triple bond looks like!
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HOW DO SCIENTISTS NAME COMPOUNDS?
When you look at the names of some of these compounds... Don't get confused. The names may be long but they all make sense. Scientists came up with a naming system for compounds that is very specific.
You can see that there are usually at least two words. The first word describes the first part of the compound. The second word describes the last part of the compound.
Use H2S as an example. The name of the compound is Hydrogen sulfide. Hydrogen is for the H2 part of the formula. Sulfur is the second part so scientists say SULFIDE. There is SULF and then they finish the word with IDE. Most compound names end with IDE.
For the real dirt on naming just click... ![[Button: To Naming Details]](../../art_global/icon_details2.gif)
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DIFFERENT KINDS OF BONDS!
You should know that even though there are two electrons involved in a bond, those electrons can be shared in different ways. Two types of bonds we will talk about are covalent and ionic (electrovalent) bonds.
Ionic bonds happen when electrons are given up by one atom to another. Covalent bonds happen when electrons are shared by both atoms.
If you want to learn more about bonds try this...
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